What will be 1 chart to verify this claim - Why a 5 Percent Yield on 10-Year Bonds Is a Dangerous Illusion I have been following the US debt crisis and have realized that the national debt exceeding 40 trillion dollars and the annual deficit of two trillion dollars have driven US economic policy into a situation from which I no longer see a credible way out. In my view, the current 4 to 5 percent interest rate level is not even objectively high, but rather feels unsustainable solely due to the extreme debt leverage. I have noticed that growing defense spending, an aging population, and a political stalemate make spending cuts impossible, while geopolitical tensions and dedollarization reduce foreign central banks willingness to finance US debt. I believe this forces a choice between two bad options: either keep interest rates high where the already trillion dollar annual interest payments deepen the deficit further and drive public finances toward fiscal collapse, or lower interest rates and finance the deficit by printing money. Consequently, given the inevitable inflationary outcome, I still consider 10-year Treasury bonds far too expensive at a mere 5 percent yield. Relying on historical precedent is a dangerous mistake in today's environment. While a 5 percent yield provided solid real returns in past decades, those playbook rules applied to a nation with a fraction of today's debt load. At this unprecedented scale of leverage, the math has fundamentally changed, making past performance a deeply misleading guide for the future.
- Refixing ~$32.6T of publicly held debt at ~5% would cost ~$1.65T annually, ~$0.5T more than at the current average rate.
- At ~6%, annual interest would reach ~$1.95T, nearly four times the ~$0.52T cost at the FY2021 average rate.
At ~5%, interest on ~$32.6T of debt would reach ~$1.65T, ~$0.5T above the ~$1.14T cost at the current average rate.
Annual interest cost on USD 32.6T of publicly held debt at alternative average rates (USD T, October 2026)
Source: Treasury Fiscal Data, Monthly Treasury Statement, CBO
Raw data
| Category | Annual interest cost |
|---|---|
| 1.6% (FY2021 avg rate) | 0.52 |
| 3.5% (current avg rate) | 1.14 |
| 4.0% | 1.3 |
| 5.07% (current 10Y yield) | 1.65 |
| 6.0% | 1.95 |